As mentioned in the Introduction, there are various process models developed to focus on different aspects. In this sections, brief description for some popular ones will be provided.
In "Software Development: People, Process, Technology", the author has provided a good representation of the overall process: how the various phrases and the actual activies related together:

Life cycle phases and activities

• Waterfall model
• Spiral Process Model
• Prototyping Model
• Staged Delivery/Incremented Model

• IDEAL Model
• Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

Related Papers:

• An Empirical Methodology for Introducing Software Processes -- Forrest Shull, Jeffrey Carver, Guilherme H. Travassos
   
• A Learning Curve Based Simulation Model for Software Development -- Noriko Hanakawa Syuji Morisaki Ken-i&i Matsumoto
   
• Structured Model Development Techniques -- Ronald R. Willis